TEORI ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

            Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan. Sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

contoh:

-   active : she read the book
-   passive : the book read by her

-   active : he wash car every week
-   passive : car wash by him every week

                Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi.

Rumus passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

1.       Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1	Present Simple Tense	S + V1 + O	S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
		He meets them everyday.	They are met by him everyday.

2.       Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
2	Simple Past Tense	S + V2 + O	S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
		He met them yesterday	They were met by him yesterday

3.       Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
3	Present Perfect Tense	S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O	S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
		He has met them.	They have been met by him.

                                                              

4.       Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
4	Past Perfect Tense	S + had not + V3 + O	S + had + been + V3 + by + O
		He had met them before I came.	They had been met by him before I came.

5.       Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
5	Simple Future Tense	S + will + V1 + O	S + will be + V3 + by + O
		He will meet them tomorrow.	They will be met by him tomorrow.

6.       Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
6	Future Perfect Tense	S + will + have + V3 + O	S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
		He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.	They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

7.       Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.  

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
7	Past Future Perfect Tense	S + would + have + V3 + O	S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
		He would have met them.	They would have been met by him.

8.       Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
8	Present Continuous Tense	S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O	S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
		We are studying english	English is being studied by us

9.       Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
9	Past Continuous Tense	S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O	S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
		He was meeting them	They were being met by him

10.   Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being. 

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
10	Present Perfect Continuous Tense	S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O	S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
		She has been waiting for you for about an hour	You have been being waited by her for about an hour

11.   Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
11	Past Perfect Continuous Tense	S + had + been + V1-ing + O	S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
		We had been listening the music for two hourS	The music had been being listened by us for two hours

12.   Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
12	Future Continuous Tense	S + will + be + V1-ing + O	S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
		He will be meeting them	They will be being met by him

13.   Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
13	Past Future Continuous Tense	S + would + be + V1-ing + O	S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
		He would be visiting his family	His family would be being visited by him

14.   Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.  

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
14	Future Perfect Continuous Tense	S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O	S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
		He will have been meeting them	They will have been being met by him

15.   Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.

No	Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
15	Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense	S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O	S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
		She would be watering this plant	This plant would be being watered by her